Influence of Family Values, Violence and Media Upon...

Patterns of behavior and cycles of abuse affect childhood development. Traditions and morals give the foundation and support that children need to understand boundaries. Love, family time, and structure provide a cornerstone for children to thrive. At the same time, neglect, abuse and expose to violence create the child’s blueprint for life. To what extent does the â€Å"family† shape the values of children today? Parental involvement and discipline help mold the child’s decisions regarding violent actions. In today’s society compared to twenty five years ago, we can access news events that take place as it happens around the world by use of internet and cell phones. Parents of young children are interested in learning the cause and†¦show more content†¦Kids at a young age have a tougher time telling reality from fantasy so they think all problems can be solved by violence.† (c, Brad). Instead of taking responsibility it is easy to blame the companies that produce the violent media. It is a parents responsibility to use the tools such as the parental guidelines on their televisions, mediate and take the time to preview shows, movies and games their children may be into and manage the inï ¬â€šuence that media has on them. â€Å"If something you dont approve of appears on the screen, then use the opportunity to ask thought-provoking questions. If certain people or characters are mistreated or discriminated against, talk about why its important to treat everyone fairly, despite their differences. Use the information and news to explain confusing situations and express your feelings about difï ¬ cult topics such as sex, love, drugs, alcohol, smoking, work, behavior and family life.† (Mwema 6-7). Children should grow up understanding that there is violence in the world. With proper communication and education, parents and children can reach a middle ground. People have the ability to make their own choices based on what they know to be right and wrong. The answer is not to shelter children from everything that is believed to ï ¬â€šood their minds with things that will cause them to act upon what they see. Education and communication play an important role in creating awareness and understanding. It will also promoteShow MoreRelatedMedia Violence Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in the Media and how it Affects Society The effect of media is profound and far-reaching. All over the world, the media influences our values and intrudes upon our deep-seated ideologies and beliefs. Indeed the media has been a powerful force in influencing people’s perceptions, and more importantly, their behavior as well. Business, politicians, and showbiz personalities pay huge sums of money to media firms in order create an image or change an existing one. Politics in particularRead MoreMedia Violence and Violence in Society1059 Words   |  4 Pagesprogramming contains some violence, there should be more and more violent crime after television is available† (Freedman). Many suggest the violence in media is causing violence in society but then how is it that violent crimes are actually decreasing in the United States. The violence that is occurring is actually due from the mentally ill, poor parenting, and the location of where one lives in society. Violence has actually decreased over the decades even though media has more violence than ever beforeRead MoreSocialization As A Function Of Media1561 Words   |  7 Pagesof Media Mass media, significantly through mediums that project news and information, greatly affect what and how we learn about the world around us. In particular, television has become the outlet with the greatest socialization impact in its influence on young viewers. The distribution of information has become a part of the process by which people learn about societal values and behaviors and come to understand cultural expectations. Through entertainment and news programming, mass media suchRead MoreCause-and-Effect Relationship between TV Violence and Actual Crimes1755 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishes a cause- and effect relationship between TV violence and actual crimes? The subject of violence and sexuality on television has remained of great concern for both liberals and conservatives, and there are advocates on both sides of the issue in each ideological camp. While some liberals bridle at any attempts to curtail speech, others are concerned about the impact that violent television viewing has upon impressionable viewers like children and are concerned about televisions possible roleRead MoreEssay about Censorship1703 Words   |  7 Pages Censorship of Violence Why does anyone care if our society is aggressive? Does the kid who decides to fire a gun into his school do so because he watched Natural Born Killers? Is violence in our communities really causing anyone any abnormal amount of heartache? To the victims, and the families and friends of the victims, surely it does. Perhaps there are still some individuals who care just for the sake of caring, not because they are grieving a loss. But what does it all mean, and what isRead MoreEssay on The Influence of Violence in Sports1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Violence in Sports Sports are an important part of our world. Take a look at any newspaper, listen to any radio, or watch TV for any length of time and there will surely be some sports information that is being passed along. The fact that sports figures get paid salaries that teachers can only dream about lets us know where our priorities lie in this society. Sports consume a lot of our time and energy, and because of this, they have great influence in our culture. BecauseRead MoreDo Video Games Cause Bad Behavior Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen researched for almost 30 years and there are still major opinion differences. Many psychologists say violent video games do cause bad behavior, and claim that games such as Manhunt, Grand Theft Auto, and Modern Warfare, desensitize people to violence, making it a norm in society. Others disagree, claiming that these games, although they can be very violent, can help people develop critical thinking skills. (Nonviolent video games are preferred for this though). The truth is, violent video gamesRead MoreEssay about The Harmful Effects of Pornography 1626 Words   |  7 Pagesacts of violence public? A big number of famous scholars, no matter men or women, have given their opinions. Each of them has their own view, but we can sort them into two groups, which are against to serious censorship and willing to convict and uproot pornography. Because of pornography, women’s status can never be eq ual to men’s. Recently, a revolution about the perception of moral values comes out in the world, which refers to how deep the changes of the method people think and act. Media haveRead More Censorship: Helpful Or Hindering? Essay821 Words   |  4 Pagesstations are becoming less restrictive about the content in their programs. More violence, profanity, and nudity than ever before now graces our television screens every night. Clearly, there are things that children should not be seeing on television. Therefor, the new v-chip legislation in process requires all television manufacturers to install an electronic device that allows parents to set the tolerance levels for violence, profanity and nudity. However, are children’s viewing habits the responsibilityRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Gender1311 Words   |  5 Pagesfemininity and sets gender expectations through parental and societal influence. Analyzing the foundation of gender, how gender is reinforced and it s production of masculinity, feminism can be shown to break down gender stereotypes. Looking across various societies, significant differences between men and women are distinguishable but this is not because of people’s plumbing rather it results from societal gender expectations pressed upon individuals as â€Å"most gender differences [are] culturally induced

Essay on Culture - 1216 Words

It is interesting that Raymond Williams creates a division between high class culture and lower class culture, suggesting that culture is ordinary, shared and common. If this is the case why does he emphasise a division in light of this concept? And if we all share a common culture can there be a division? It is difficult to understand the term culture. What is culture? Is it a utopian dream, is it a shared group of interests that bring a community together, or is it just simply a way of life? There are so many questions surrounding culture and its meaning. Raymond Williams described culture as â€Å"maps of meaning through which the world is made intelligible†, whether we agree with this definition or not, he was right in saying that the†¦show more content†¦But before I discuss Internet culture it is imperative that I decipher the essence of mass culture and mass media. To understand the term â€Å"mass†, it is important to study Gustave Lebon. Although there have been many more recent theorists that have discussed the term â€Å"mass†; including Karl Max, John Stuart Mills and Mathew Arnold, Lebon’s theories on â€Å"mass† have pervaded disputes on the subject ever since. A quote specifically that is questioned today is his warning that à ¢â‚¬Å"the age we are about to enter will in truth be the era of crowds† ([1895] 1916, p. 3), at a time when working class parties were more present and when western societies were dealing with the growth of industrialisation and mass migration to popular cities. His book â€Å"La psychologie des foules† was cited for its treatise to crowds, however is much more about the advent of mass society in physiological terms. He discusses â€Å"contagion, loss of individuality, and regression to a more primitive mental state were his favourite terms†. The reason for the book being described as a treatise for the mass is his connotation of crowd behaviour within a larger mass. For example Lebon quotes, â€Å"thousands of isolated individuals may acquire at certain moments, and under the influence of certain violent emotions — such, for example, as a great national event — the characteristics of a psychological crowd†. However, the mere coming together of a crowd is not sufficient enough to cause the disappearance of the consciousShow MoreRelatedCulture, Culture And Culture Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesCulture Many times we hear concepts like ’Oriental culture’, ‘Italian culture’ or ‘Gothic Culture’. So we can understand and verify that it is an important concept related to the idea of the society where we live in. Culture, in Sociology, is a concept developed during XVIII and XIX centuries that has had various definitions. One exhaustive definition is in Browne (2015, p. 31): â€Å"Culture refers to the language, beliefs, values and norms, customs, dress, diet, roles, knowledge and skills, and allRead MoreCulture, Culture And Non Material Culture1256 Words   |  6 Pages Culture refers to any kind of morals, habits, norms, practices, beliefs, laws or customs acquired by man in a particular society. Culture is the set of knowledge, skills, traditions, customs, unique to a human group, to a civilization. It is transmitted socially from generation to generation and not by genetic inheritance, and largely determines individual behavior. (Arendt) Culture encompasses a very broad aspect of social life: techniques, manners, morals, lifestyle, system of values, beliefsRead MoreThe Culture Of The Mexican Culture930 Words   |  4 PagesThe world around us is surrounded by many diverse cultural groups. Each culture is unique and systematically made different, and cultures have their own beliefs and ways of life. Many cultures have their own language, values, set their own rules, and mores. Each culture has a group of people with the same beliefs, and they join organizations and institutions. Each culture is distinguishable from one another because each has different customs and beliefs. Although I was born in Mexico and broughtRead MoreThe Culture Of The Mexican Culture1416 Words   |  6 Pages How many different types of cultures are there? Here’s the answer there are many cultures. My story starts like this; both of my parents are from Guadalajara well most of my family is from that part of Mà ©xico. Being part of the Mexican culture is very different from other cultures, but every culture is unique of its own way. Many Mexican people have preserved and still do many of their ancestors’ traditions. Tradition plays a big role in my family for example: theRead MoreCulture, Culture And Non Material Culture1585 Words   |  7 PagesCulture Culture refers to any kind of morals, habits, norms, practices, beliefs, laws or customs acquired by man in a particular society. Culture is the set of knowledge, skills, traditions, customs, unique to a human group, to a civilization. It is transmitted socially from generation to generation and not by genetic inheritance, and largely determines individual behavior. (Arendt) Culture encompasses a very broad aspect of social life: techniques, manners, morals, lifestyle, system of values, beliefsRead MoreTechnology, Culture, And Culture1119 Words   |  5 Pageswe may have deemed a hindrance or ailment. In the implementation of every new technology it embodies many factors such as cultural, political, economic and scientific parallels. In the insert written by Arnold Pacey titled Technology; Practice and Culture, Arnold Pacey conveys the significance of attending to the cultural and organization facets of technology in its design and application, but most importantly that technology i s a valued neutral implementation that is embedded with inadvertent culturalRead MoreTattoos : Culture And Culture1527 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos in Culture There are different aspects of every culture and the American culture is no different. One of the aspects of American culture is the tattoo. Tattoos have been around for centuries, they are also part of other cultures and appeal to a broad variety of people. Tattoos became part of American culture through cultural diffusion, which is where one culture shares its culture with another through direct contact. Recently tattoos have re-assimilated into American culture and societyRead MoreCulture And Its Influence On Culture987 Words   |  4 Pages(Hutchison, 2011) said â€Å"culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language† (p. 247). When I thought of culture, I used to picture food, festivities, clothes and country. Just like the nurse, I thought that if learned about one culture, I understood everybody in that culture. But as I started expanding my knowledge the meaning of culture started becoming harder to define. Different subjects seemed to have different definitions of what culture is. The idea expanded untilRead MoreThe Culture Of The Western Culture Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects the values and beliefs of a person compromising on their identity. The influence of the western culture (American) has been spreading at a fast rate especially to the ‘colored’ citizens of the country replacing their traditions with those of the whites. Most of the people especially those who move to foreign countries in such of greener pastures are forced to surrender or forsake their cultures to fit into the new society. While studies have indicated potential cultural extinction and loss ofRead MoreCulture : Culture And Anarchy1312 Words   |  6 PagesCulture is one hard concept to define because it encompasses a number of fields, such as anthropology, sociology, history, literature, philosophy, psychology and linguistics, that’s why it is difficult to find out one valid definition that covers all the aspec ts of culture. As exemplified in Arnolds’ Culture and Anarchy (1867), cited in Spencer-Oatey, (2012) the term culture refers to products that have artistic or literary value, which are particularly approved of by elites and the upper-middle

Enron Free Essays

The Enron scandal has far-reaching political and financial implications. In just 15 years, Enron grew from nowhere to be America’s seventh largest company, employing 21,000 staff in more than 40 countries. But the firm’s success turned out to have involved an elaborate scam. We will write a custom essay sample on Enron or any similar topic only for you Order Now Enron lied about its profits and stands accused of a range of shady dealings, including concealing debts so they didn’t show up in the company’s accounts. As the depth of the deception unfolded, investors and creditors retreated, forcing the firm into Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December. More than six months after a criminal inquiry was announced, the guilty parties have still not been brought to justice. Leaders Leadership is critical to the creation and maintenance of culture; there is a constant interplay between culture and leadership. Leaders create the mechanisms for cultural embedding and reinforcement. Cultural norms arise and change because of what leaders tend to focus their attention on, their reactions to crises, their role modeling, and their recruitment strategies. Referring to Enron, the major mistake made by leaders are as follows: Compensation Programs As in most other U. S. companies, Enron’s management was heavily compensated using stock options. Heavy use of stock option awards linked to short-term stock price may explain the focus of Enron’s management on creating expectations of rapid growth and its efforts to puff up reported earnings to meet Wall Street’s expectations. The stated intent of stock options is to align the interests of management with shareholders. But most programs award sizable option grants based on short-term accounting performance, and there are typically few requirements for managers to hold stock purchased through option programs for the long term. The experience of Enron, along with many other firms in the last few years, raises the possibility that stock compensation programs as currently designed can motivate managers to make decisions that pump up short-term stock performance, but fail to create medium- or long-term value (Hall and Knox, 2002). Dishonestly concealed debt and overstated earnings. Management t Enron Corp. admitted it overstated earnings for nearly five years. In an SEC filing, Enron said financial statements from 1997 through the third quarter of 2001 â€Å"should not be relied upon, and that outside businesses run by Enron officials during that period should have been included in the company’s earnings reports. As a result, Enron is reducing earnings for those years by $586 million, from $2. 89 billion to $2. 31 billion. The company also acknowledged that part of earnings came from deals with partnerships controlled by recently sacked CFO Andrew Fastow. These transactions are already being investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Enron said these deals enabled Fastow to earn more than $30 million. Enron also conceded that three entities run by company officials should have been included in its financial statements, based on generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, the company revised its debt upward in each year from 1997 to 2000. As a result, Enron’s debt at the end of 2000 was $10. 86 billion, $628 million more than previously reported. Enron’s Performance Review System. PRC featured two basic motivational forces – fear and greed. Skilling wanted to keep only â€Å"the very best,† meaning those who produced their profit and volume target– so every six months one or two out of every ten employees were dismissed. In pitting employees against each other, the rank-and rank System acted to stress the imagined weaknesses of individuals and to obfuscate organizational problems. In sum, this led to an erosion of employee confidence in their own perceptions and, most crucially, to further compliance with the organization’s leaders in a way that strengthened conformist behavior. In practice, the PRC system worked to encourage â€Å"entourages† or â€Å"fiefdoms† (Dallas 2003) of loyal employees who gravitated towards powerful players for protection. The PRC was a powerful mechanism for preventing the emergence of subcultures running counter to the organizational tone set by Enron’s hierarchy. Members of the Risk Management and Assessment Group who reviewed the terms and conditions of deals (and who were largely inexperienced recent MBA graduates) as well as internal auditors, were fearful of retaliation in the PRC from persons whose deals they were reviewing (Chaffin and Fidler 2002; Dallas 2003). At best, control was compliance-based, seldom encouraging employees to follow either the letter or the intent of laws (Dallas 2003). This punitive environment brought the consequences of dissent sharply into focus. Enron’s culture has been characterized as â€Å"ruthless and reckless †¦ lavish rewards on those who played the game, while persecuting those who raised objections† (Chaffin and Fidler 2002, 4-5). Led by Skilling’s cavalier attitude to rules, top management conveyed the impression that all that mattered was for employees to book profits. In sum, this led to an erosion of employees’ confidence in their own perceptions and, most crucially, to further compliance with the organization’s leaders in a way that strengthened conformist behavior. Former employees have noted how â€Å"loyalty required a sort of group think† (Chaffin and Fidler 2002, 2) and â€Å"that you had to ‘keep drinking the Enron water’† (Stephens and Behr 2002, 2). A myth of smooth, flawless operations was perpetuated with problems â€Å"papered over† (McLean 2001, 58). The net effect of the rank-and-yank system was to decrease the likelihood that employees would raise objections to any illegal or unethical behavior of powerful players. The competitiveness the PRC created was exacerbated by Enron’s bonus regime. As one insider put it, â€Å"sure, the culture at Enron was treacherous, but that was the point† (Swartz and Watkins 2003, 56). Ultimately, the overestimation of profits and underestimation of costs was endemic to the organization. The cheat on debt and financial report lead to character erosion which destroys the image of this company and loss of business and social standing. The harsh policy alliance the relationship between managers and ordinary workers, make well-intentioned employees were inhibited from doing the right thing. Board Board of Directors in Enron’s collapse concluded that the firm had developed a pervasive culture of deception (Senate Subcommittee 2002). As such it was designed and operating at the level of connivance. CEO Lay used direct force to fire any possible successor with whom he disagreed and either he or other top Enron managers used indirect force to deceive and manipulate employees and other stakeholders for top executive advantage. Whatever standard operating procedures were developed at the level of conformance were honored only to the extent that they did not infringe upon executive perks or interfere with top executives exercising a type of feudal control over internal subjects. When external compliance threatened to restrict Enron corporate prerogatives, aggressive tactics to reduce or liminate regulatory standards were routinely employed. The extent and degree to which illegal non-compliance was the cultural norm at Enron will be determined in the courts. Enron did not reach the commitment level; it never democratized its power structures so that employee and community input could shape strategic direction or restrain executive perks. For all intents and purposes, the work culture of Enron was that of a moral jungle where abuse of power dominated principled economic democratic norms; it was a moral powder keg ready to explode. (1) Fiduciary Failure.  The Enron Board of Directors failed to safeguard Enron shareholders and contributed to the collapse of the seventh largest public company in the United States, by allowing Enron to engage in high risk accounting, inappropriate conflict of interest transactions, extensive undisclosed off-the-books activities, and excessive executive compensation. The Board witnessed numerous indications of questionable practices by Enron management over several years, but chose to ignore them to the detriment of Enron shareholders, employees and business associates. 2) High Risk Accounting. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to engage in high risk accounting practices. (3) Inappropriate Conflicts of Interest. Despite clear conflicts of interest, the Enron Board of Directors approved an unprecedented arrangement allowing Enron’s Chief Financial Officer to establish and operate the LJM private equity funds which transacted business with Enron and profited at Enron’s expense.  The Board exercised inadequate oversight of LJM transaction and compensation controls and failed to protect Enron shareholders from unfair dealing. (4) Extensive Undisclosed Off-The-Books Activity. The Enron Board of Directors knowingly allowed Enron to conduct billions of dollars in off-the-books activity to make its financial condition appear better than it was and failed to ensure adequate public disclosure of material off-the-books liabilities that contributed to Enron’s collapse. (5) Excessive Compensation.  The Enron Board of Directors approved excessive compensation for company executives, failed to monitor the cumulative cash drain caused by Enron’s 2000 annual bonus and performance unit plans, and failed to monitor or halt abuse by Board Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Kenneth Lay of a company-financed, multi-million dollar, personal credit line. (6) Lack of Independence. The independence of the Enron Board of Directors was compromised by financial ties between the company and certain Board members. The Board also failed to ensure the independence of the company’s auditor, allowing Andersen to provide internal audit and consulting services while serving as Enron’s Outside Accountants/Auditors Andersen’s auditors were pressured by Enron’s management to defer recognizing the charges from the special purpose entities as their credit risks became clear. Since the entities would never return a profit, accounting guidelines required that Enron should take a write-off, where the value of the entity was removed from the balance sheet at a loss. To pressure Andersen into meeting Enron’s earnings expectations, Enron would occasionally allow accounting firms Ernst Young or PricewaterhouseCoopers to complete accounting tasks to create the illusion of hiring a new firm to replace Andersen. Although Andersen was equipped with internal controls to protect against conflicted incentives of local partners, they failed to prevent conflict of interest. Revelations concerning Andersen’s overall performance led to the break-up of the firm, and to the following assessment by the Powers Committee (appointed by Enron’s board to look into the firm’s accounting in October 2001): â€Å"The evidence available to us suggests that Andersen did not fulfill its professional responsibilities in connection with its audits of Enron’s financial statements, or its obligation to bring to the attention of Enron’s Board (or the Audit and Compliance Committee) concerns about Enron’s internal contracts over the related-party transactions†. Ethical Code/Process Enron senior management gets a failing grade on truth and disclosure. The purpose of ethics is to enable recognition of how a particular situation will be perceived. At a certain level, it hardly matters what the courts decide. Enron is bankrupt—which is what happened to the company and its officers before a single day in court. But no company engaging in similar practices can derive encouragement for any suits that might be terminated in Enron’s favor. The damage to company reputation through a negative perception of corporate ethics has already been done. Enron’s top managers chose stakeholder deception and short-term financial gains for themselves, which destroyed their personal, and business reputations and their social standing. They all risk criminal and civil prosecution that could lead to imprisonment and/or bankruptcy. Board members were similarly negligent by failing to provide sufficient oversight and restraint to top management excesses, thereby further harming investor and public interests (Senate Subcommittee 2002). Individual and institutional investors lost millions of dollars because they were misinformed about the firm’s financial performance reality through questionable accounting practices (Lorenzetti 2002). Employees were deceived about the firm’s actual financial condition and deprived of the freedom to diversify their retirement portfolios; they had to stand by helplessly while their retirement savings evaporated at the same time that top managers cashed in on their lucrative stock options (Jacobius and Anand 2001). The government was also harmed because America’s political tradition of chartering only corporations that serve the public good was violated by an utter lack of economic democratic protections from the massive public stakeholder harms caused by aristocratic abuses of power that benefited select wealthy elite. How to cite Enron, Essay examples

Work Health and Safety for Risk Management - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWork Health and Safety for Risk Management. Answer: We as human beings need to blame others and the best way is to blame it on the system. This blaming culture is envisaged in us that stimulate the problems in the system. Earlier, the person-centred safety theories used to blame the humans or their actions and human traits, however it has shifted largely to system-centred theories. However, risk and safety management is still required and now people are being taught that accidents occur due to multiple factors like system elements, non-human and human factors. Risk management is important at workplace to ensure workers safety and healthy being. As workplaces have high rate of injuries, illness and fatalities, there is requirements of an enforcing and supporting environment working in compliance with the health and safety standards (Zhou, Goh and Li 2015). There should be better management of risk as the workplace fatalities to prevent the frontline workers mistakes and ensure worker safety through risk management. Therefore, the follo wing essay involves the risk management at workplaces, understanding of the occupational hazards, principles of good work design, response to risk and fatalities in frontline workers and recommendations for a safe working environment. The essay will also involve an insight into the reporting of the Royal Commission regarding the House Insulation Program (HIP) that led to the death of four workers that was preventable. Any kind of business regardless of its structure and size should have risk assessment and management to ensure work health and safety. Workplace hazards can cause injury or illness that might be physical or psychological. For example, in Australia, the risk management ensure to provide workplace health and safety that eliminates or minimize the risk for injury or harm that people might be exposed to at workplaces or work activities (Hopkins 2005). Firstly, the identification and inspection of the likely problem areas is done that might cause employee injuries. This can be conducted through a risk management analysis. Risk management involves the identification of the health and safety issues and ensure that responsibilities are clearly understood by the concerned authorities. Managing risk is a stepwise process is not guesswork or happens by chance. One should be aware of the consequences that might occur due to the occupational hazards and try to minimize or eliminate it. According to safe work Australia, Code of Practice, there is finding out of the hazards that might cause harm to the workers. There is also risk assessment that helps to understand the nature of harm that might be caused by the hazard. After that, there is implementation of effective control measures that can be reasonably used under the hazardous circumstances. Finally, there is reviewing of the control measures to ensure the safety plans are working or not (Cunningham, Sinclair and Schulte 2014). It is the legal duty of the employers to abide by the basic principles of risk assessment and management. The basic step include the identification of hazards, assessment of the risk of the harm and existing control measures, extra measures to be taken and reviewing whether the controls are working or not. In the report of the Royal Commission into the Home Insulation Program (HIP) by The Queensland State Coroner illustrated the death of the four frontline workers who were a part of the HIP scheme (Sunindijo 2015). The Prime Minister Tony Abbott stated that it a litany of failures and findings are grave. The victim Mathew Fuller died due to electrocution while working on a roof cavity in October 2009 in outer Brisbane. During the inquest into his death in Brisbane court, installation was not made 100% safe and power should have been disconnected from the main source. He also stated that the staples should have been put through the cables that would have avoided the death (Hanger 2014 ). Another victim who was the youngest among all was Rueben Barnes who died due to electrocution at a home in 2009 near Rockhamptom. The carpentry apprentice who was working for the installation company Arrow Maintenance had received no induction or insulation training. Moreover, the co-workers of Rueben were also untrained and had no idea regarding the electric shock first aid treatment. The third victim Marcus Wilson from New South Wales aged 19 died of heat exhaustion while working at the roof cavity installing insulation. After the inquest into his death, the Coroner stated that safety standards were not met and this scheme was just moneymaking process. The workers were not recruited based on the experience rather just to make money without caring about the workers. The last victim to die was Mitchell Sweeney who died of electrocution while he was using metal staples for the conductive insulation in Cairns in Queensland in February 2010. There were safety hazards, however, it was no t followed and that led to the death of the young boy. Titan insulations was sued as they provided no training and instructions before working and a strong action was taken against the company. This shows that the frontline workers; mistakes were preventable and would have saved the insulations workers life. This explains that workplace fatalities should be thoroughly understood to avoid hazards and work to design a good workplace (Asanka and Ranasinghe 2015). Workplace fatalities are common and many workers are killed every year on their job. Out of all fatalities, the maximum deaths occur due to falls at the construction sites 38.8 (364 out of 937 total deaths), struck by object 90 (9.6%), electrocutions 81 (8.6%) and caught in between was 67 (7.2%) in the year 2015 as reported by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In the calendar year 2015, out of 4,379 worker fatalities, 21.4% or 937 were under construction and consisted of one out of five deaths (Janicak 2014). The above statistics shows that the construction sites are mostly affected and prone to workplace hazards. There is lack of safety measures and risk management for the workers while working at the construction sites. Likewise, the HIP program depicted that there was lack of understanding of the risks and hazards that would take place at the construction sites and up taking of proper measures to prevent it (Sousa, Almeida and Dias 2014). The death of the victims in HIP clearly suggests that the death was preventable and saved their lives. It suggested that employers would have recognized that roof spacing in the dangerous working places was important to note and helped in managing the risk. However, the deaths that occurred were at different instances, the basic reason remains the same. It is the blame on the system and the management that despite of knowing the risk and hazards, they did not take any measure to look after the well-being of the workers and only wanted profit. The frontline workers (managers) knew that working at the construction sites is dangerous and experienced workers were required, however, they hired minors with no practical occupational experiences (Nadhim et al. 2016). Matthew Fuller, the victim, although had basic occupational and safety certificate, however had no training or experience in installing insulation. His employer gave no training with no supervision as he was not made aware of the stapling through the electrical cords and the death consequences associated with it. His training and supervision was inadequate and as a result, blame on the safety management system that contributed to his death. In a similar manner, Rueben had no occupational health and safety qualifications and received no training on the installation of insulation and risk management while working at the sites. The basic safe management system was required, however, it was not utilized at the job site that contributed to his death. These death instances clearly show that the management was deficient and provided no electrical safety for the workers (Bluff 2014). The death of the workers in HIP project also suggests that there was lack of safety management and good work design principles. It explains that an effective design should be able to protect the workers from risk or hazard that affect their health, welfare and safety. It should promote the health and well-being of the workers, also ensure productivity of the workers, and as a result, provide business success. According to Safe Work Australia, there are ten principles of good work design that prevents occupational injury and illness. It also helps to attain the highest-level protection that is practically possible. It also enhances the well-being and health of the workers and in turn, optimizes the worker function and their productivity. As a result, it enhances the productivity leading to success of the business. It also help to address the biomechanical, physical, psychosocial and cognitive work characteristics along with capabilities and needs of the involved people. This designing of good work design should be decided with the stakeholders and review that the decisions are acceptable or not (Reason 2000). The stakeholders involved in the protection and safety of the employees or workers are frontline workers like Managers, employers, Health and Safety Executives (HSEs), principal, supervisors, shareholders and other representatives like occupier, supplier and installer. They are the key personnel who have the responsibilities for the hazard identification at the workplaces. Communication is also important between the stakeholders in conveying the OHS information and motivates the employees to ensure continued safety in the organization. The leading cause of fatalities in frontline workers is at the construction sites excluding highway collisions that include falls, electrocution, struck by object, and caught in between objects. These are the major fatalities causes and responsible for the 64.2% of the total workplace fatalities. There is lack of training by the employers or qualifications in occupational health and safety. In the HIP project death, there were inadequacies in the system and management where there was lack of training, proper recruitment and supervision by an experienced tradesman. In some cases, where there was experience, there was lack of effective work safety system and active steps required to save the workers from on-site dangerous practices (Quinlan 2014). In the death of Marcus Wilson, although he had some training in insulation, he lacked experience and was not acclimatized to very hot working conditions. This shows that lack of training, supervision, experience and poor working conditions be cause of bad safety management system, frontline workers fatalities occur on a large scale and require change (Bal et al. 2013). The prevention of workplace fatalities is the prime goal of the safety management system where the employers lack leadership roles to prevent fatality and lead to inevitable death. According to Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) there should be well designing of the risk assessment tools to identify the specific workplace risks and most importantly, provide safety training to create awareness among the employers and ways to prevent it. A physical ability test is important before recruiting to make sure that the workers are physically capable to meet the demands of the job and existing workers are fit to handle the physical demands of the job. Proper supervision, training by the employers and effective recruitment can help to prevent the frontline workers fatalities and ensure safety at workplaces (trove.nla.gov.au 2010). Risk management is important at workplace to ensure workers safety and healthy being. For example, in Australia, the risk management ensure to provide workplace health and safety that eliminates or minimize the risk for injury or harm that people might be exposed to at workplaces or work activities. The basic step include the identification of hazards, assessment of the risk of the harm and existing control measures, extra measures to be taken and reviewing whether the controls are working or not. The death of the victims in HIP clearly suggests that employers would have recognized that roof spacing in the dangerous working places was important to note and helped in managing the risk. The prevention of workplace fatalities is the prime goal of the safety management system where the employers lack leadership roles to prevent fatality and lead to inevitable death. Proper supervision, training by the employers and effective recruitment can help to prevent the frontline workers fatalitie s and ensure safety at workplaces. References Asanka, W.A. and Ranasinghe, M., 2015. Study on the impact of accidents on construction projects. InProceedings of the 6th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management(pp. 58-67). 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